Sources
Food and calorie estimates
Used by the calculator
Storing food at home
- BLE — Mixed-diet food stock table
- BBK — Preparing for crises and disasters
- BBK — Preparing for crises and disasters (Dortmund PDF mirror)
- BBK — Stocking food and water
- SPEK — Home Preparedness: Useful tips for disruptions and emergencies
- Suomi.fi — Preparing for incidents and crises
- Austrian Civil Protection Association — Household food stocks (municipal PDF mirror)
- Styrian Civil Protection Association — Food stocks
- Linz — Food-stock information brochure
- Swiss Federal Office for National Economic Supply — Kluger Rat: Notvorrat
- Swiss Federal Office for National Economic Supply — Emergency-stock brochure
- Swiss Federal Office for National Economic Supply — Emergency-stock calculator
- BWL / Agroscope — Household emergency-stock study
- HCPN Luxembourg — My emergency checklist
- HCPN Luxembourg — My Guide to Self-Sufficiency
- Swedish Civil Contingencies Agency — In case of crisis or war (EU-hosted PDF)
- Swedish Civil Defence and Resilience Agency — In case of crisis or war
- Norwegian DSB — Household preparedness
- Norwegian DSB — Food to keep at home in a crisis
- Norwegian DSB — Preparedness brochure (Vindafjord PDF mirror)
- Norwegian DSB — Preparedness brochure (Bokmål)
- Danish public services — Prepared for crises
- Danish Emergency Management Agency — Prepared for crises (Danish PDF)
- Danish Emergency Management Agency — Prepared for crises (English PDF)
- Estonian Rescue Board — Emergency supplies
- Estonian Rescue Board — Be Prepared!
- Latvian Ministry of Defence — What to do in case of a crisis
- Lithuanian preparedness guide — If war or crisis comes, what should I do?
- Dutch NCTV — Emergency kit
- Dutch NCTV — Preparing for an emergency
- Belgian National Crisis Centre — Samen voorbereid
- French government — Preparing for an emergency
- French SGDSN — Tous responsables: Face aux risques, agissons
- UK government — Get prepared for emergencies
- Irish government — Be Emergency Ready (South Dublin PDF copy)
- Czech Ministry of the Interior — Household preparedness
- Czech Ministry of the Interior — Preparedness guide downloads
- Polish government — Safety Handbook
- FEMA Ready.gov — Food
- US CDC — Emergency supply kit
- American Red Cross — Survival kit supplies
- Public Safety Canada — Emergency kits
- Japanese Cabinet Office — Disaster-preparedness food stocks
- Japanese MAFF — Household food stocks
- Japanese MAFF — Food-stock guidebook
- New Zealand civil defence — Household supplies
- Get Ready Queensland — Emergency kit
- Jerusalem Post — Reporting on Israeli emergency-supply guidance
- BLE — Food stock table (unofficial PDF mirror)
- BWL — Kluger Rat: Notvorrat (Winterthur PDF mirror)
Calorie needs and nutrition
- EFSA — Scientific Opinion on Dietary Reference Values for energy (2013)
- Nordic Nutrition Recommendations — Energy (2023)
- NASEM — Dietary Reference Intakes for Energy, chapter 7 (2023)
- Henry 2005, Table 13
- SACN 2011, Tables 18–19, pp. 104–105
- FAO/WHO/UNU 2004, ch. 5
- Oxford Brookes REF case study
- Pontzer et al. 2021, PMC
- Black et al. 1996, abstract
- FAO 2004, §5.4
- NASEM — Dietary Reference Intakes for Energy, chapter 7 (legacy address)
- GlobalRPh — Estimated energy requirement equations (secondary calculator)
- Dr Chatterjee — Energy expenditure podcast
- Gretebeck et al. 1995, J Appl Physiol 78:2207, abstract
- Blanc et al. 1998, J Clin Endocrinol Metab 83:4289, abstract
- Speakman et al. 2023, Nature Metabolism 5:579, Table 1
- EU food information regulation — Annex XIII (UK-hosted text)
- EUR-Lex — Regulation on food information to consumers
- EU food information regulation — Article 32 (UK-hosted text)
- Nestle, Food Politics, 15 Aug 2011
- FDA, "Daily Value and Percent Daily Value" reference table, 2016
- Scientific American
- FAO 2004, ch. 6
- FAO 2004, ch. 7
Humanitarian food and nutrition guidance
- UNHCR, UNICEF, WFP and WHO — Food and Nutrition Needs in Emergencies
- Sphere 2018 FSN chapter PDF (CARE mirror of the official chapter)
- spherestandards.org handbook
- What is new guide
- Humanitarian Global — Summary of Sphere nutrition guidance
- WHO — Food and Nutrition Needs in Emergencies: publication record
- ENN fex/3/summary
- WHO — Management of nutrition in major emergencies: publication record
- WHO — Management of nutrition in major emergencies: report
- Emergency Nutrition Network — Management of nutrition in major emergencies
- FEWS NET Livelihoods Explorer
- Relief Central FOG, Food and Nutrition
- Food Security Cluster terminology glossary — WFP guidance quotations
- UNHCR / WFP — Emergency food and nutrition guidelines (legacy PDF)
- Emergency Nutrition Network — Derivation of emergency energy requirements
Military, maritime and shelter ration research
- MSC.218(82) PDF, USCG NAVCEN mirror
- IMO — Resolution MSC.218(82)
- ISO 18813:2006 PDF (US CFR incorporation-by-reference copy, law.resource.org)
- NSAI listing
- Justice Laws Canada
- iMariners — Lifeboat equipment summary
- Eurosul — Liferaft ration specification (commercial research reference)
- Lalizas — Liferaft ration specification (commercial research reference)
- USUHS — Military nutrition and survival rations, chapter 13
- Traveller RPG forum
- mreinfo forum
- National Research Council — New Generation Survival Ration: A Brief Report (catalogue)
- Royal Air Force emergency rations — Proceedings of the Nutrition Society (1954)
- Mendel University — Military ration research
- Vojenské rozhledy — Prepared food rations for the Czech armed forces
- NATO news 2024
- UK Ministry of Defence — Ration types: FOI response (2022)
- UK Parliament — Emergency rations: written answer (1999)
- civildefensemuseum.com, Community Fallout Shelter Supplies: Food
- Atomic Theater — Public Shelter Supplies film commentary
- DTIC — Further Studies on the Development of a Nutritionally Adequate Fallout Shelter Ration
- Texas A&M — An evaluation of the available energy provided by fallout shelter rations (catalogue)
- Swiss Federal Office for National Economic Supply — Emergency-stock calculator export
- swissinfo
- Swedish Food Agency — Food during heightened readiness (2021)
- Ramboll — How civil-defence shelters work
Underfeeding, health and personal needs
- Lieberman et al. — Short-term severe energy deprivation study (2017)
- NICE — Nutrition support for adults (CG32)
- Lieberman et al. (2017) — Europe PMC record
- Cahill — Survival in starvation (1998; PDF mirror)
- Owen et al. — Brain metabolism during fasting (1967)
- Cahill — Fuel metabolism in starvation (2006; PubMed record)
- Cahill and Veech — Ketoacids? Good medicine? (Scribd copy)
- Kerndt et al. — Fasting: the history, pathophysiology and complications (1982)
- Stewart and Fleming — Prolonged supervised fasting case report (1973)
- Scientific American — How long can a person survive without food?
- Wikipedia — Irish hunger strike (1981)
- BMJ — Hunger-strike discussion (1997)
- BMJ — Hunger-strike correspondence (PMC copy)
- Wikipedia — Minnesota Starvation Experiment
- Kalm and Semba — The Minnesota experiment: historical review (2005)
- Taylor et al. — Semi-starvation research (1957; Scilit record)
- NICE — Obesity guideline evidence review (NCBI Bookshelf)
- CORE — Low-calorie diet research summary
- Johansson et al. — Very-low-calorie diets and gallstones (2014)
- Spirt et al. — Gallstone formation during a low-calorie diet (research record)
- Lieberman et al. (2017) — PubMed record
- Montain and Young — Diet and physical performance (2003; AGRIS record)
- Institute of Medicine — Not Eating Enough: Overcoming Underconsumption of Military Operational Rations (1995)
- Military underfeeding study — PubMed record 10797147
- DTIC — Military underfeeding research, ADP010654
- Norwegian FFI — Military nutrition research report
- Institute of Medicine — Military Strategies for Sustainment of Nutrition and Immune Function in the Field (1999)
- Frontiers in Psychology — Military performance research review (2023)
- NATO STO — Military nutrition meeting paper, MP-HFM-134-33
- Mountain Tactical Institute — Underfeeding research summary
- Mehanna, Moledina and Travis — Refeeding syndrome (2008)
- Sanchez-Delgado et al. — Cold exposure and energy expenditure (2020; Zendy record)
- Public University of Navarre — Cold exposure research repository record
- Eyolfson et al. — Shivering thermogenesis study (2001; PubMed record)
- Institute of Medicine — Nutritional Needs in Cold and High-Altitude Environments, chapter 15 (1996)
- Blondin et al. — Cold-induced thermogenesis (2015)
- Rossi et al. — Paediatric fasting and hypoglycaemia review (2022)
- Wikipedia — Ketotic hypoglycaemia
- Isfahan University — Paediatric metabolism teaching slides
- Nutraceuticals World — Summary of EFSA energy references
- Pregnancy and breastfeeding energy references — Research table (PMC3599359)
- ACP Diabetes Monthly — Diabetes medicines and ketoacidosis research summary
- British Journal of Diabetes — Diabetes and fasting review
- Diabetes medicines and fasting — PubMed record 33824816
- The Hospitalist — Diabetes management during Ramadan
- The Hospitalist — Intermittent fasting in patients with diabetes
- Healthify NZ — Diabetes and Ramadan
- Calorie restriction and muscle protein synthesis — Research article (PMC4420900)
- Ageing, protein and muscle — Research article (PMC6834432)
- News-Medical — Murphy trial: protein and fasting in older adults (2026)
- Calorie restriction, exercise and muscle protein synthesis — Research article (PMC4625812)
Air raid or explosions (last reviewed 25/10/2026)
- My Guide to 72 Hours of Self-Sufficiency (HCPN, October 2026)official
- lu-alert.lu: Sirens (signals, meanings and test schedule)official
- lu-alert.lu: Behavioural advice in an emergencyofficial
- National Resilience Strategy "Lëtz prepare!" (HCPN, September 2025): planned concept for shelter, reception and evacuation centresofficial
- BBK (Germany): Vorsorgen für Krisen und Katastrophen, protection from explosions and the two-wall rule
- Sweden: In case of crisis or war (MSB, November 2024): seeking shelter during an air raid, how to stop bleeding
- Poland: Safety Handbook (2025): air raid and shelter
- Lithuania: What should I do if war or crisis comes (Ministry of National Defence, 2024): gunfire and explosions
- Latvia: What to do in case of a crisis (Ministry of Defence, 2024): air raid and artillery safety
- Be Prepared! (Estonian Rescue Board): sheltering
- Suomi.fi (Finnish Ministry of the Interior): Preparing for incidents and crises, threat from the air
- Ready.gov (FEMA): Explosions
Animal-borne disease (last reviewed 25/10/2026)
- infocrise.public.lu: Avian influenza, protective actions (page dated 17/06/2020)official
- infocrise.public.lu: Influenza and bird flu, government plans (page dated 13/08/2021)official
- infocrise.public.lu: Influenza, general information and risk groups (page dated 13/08/2021)official
- lu-alert.lu: Health, behavioural advice (food and feed recalls)official
- lu-alert.lu: Warning and information system (the authorities that send alerts, including ALVA)official
- My Guide to 72 Hours of Self-Sufficiency (HCPN, October 2026): food-safety alerts and "Need to talk?"official
- Tous responsables: face aux risques, agissons (French SGDSN, November 2025): avian flu
Attack in a public place (last reviewed 25/10/2026)
- My Guide to 72 Hours of Self-Sufficiency (HCPN, October 2026): terrorist threatofficial
- infocrise.public.lu: Vigilnat, good reflexes (page dated 11/08/2021)official
- infocrise.public.lu: Vigilnat alert levels (page dated 5/03/2026)official
- France: Tous responsables, face aux risques, agissons (SGDSN, November 2025)
- Australian Government, nationalsecurity.gov.au: What to do in an attack (Escape. Hide. Tell.)
- Ready.gov (FEMA): Attacks in crowded and public spaces
- FEMA V-1000: Be prepared for an active shooter
- Sweden: In case of crisis or war (MCF, English PDF)
- Poland: Safety handbook (RCB, English PDF)
Biological attack (last reviewed 25/10/2026)
- My Guide to 72 Hours of Self-Sufficiency (HCPN, October 2026): warnings, information channels and kitofficial
- infocrise.public.lu: CBRN government plan (page dated 8/02/2024)official
- lu-alert.lu: CBRNE behavioural adviceofficial
- Ready.gov (FEMA): Biohazard exposure (updated 24/04/2023)
- Get Prepared (Public Safety Canada): suspicious packages and hazardous material
Bomb threat (last reviewed 25/10/2026)
- My Guide to 72 Hours of Self-Sufficiency (HCPN, October 2026): terrorist threat and useful numbersofficial
- infocrise.public.lu: Vigilnat, good reflexes (page dated 11/08/2021)official
- infocrise.public.lu: Vigilnat alert levels (page dated 5/03/2026)official
- infocrise.public.lu: Vigilnat, information for the public (page dated 11/08/2021)official
- Get Prepared (Public Safety Canada): bomb threats
Carbon monoxide (last reviewed 25/10/2026)
- My Guide to 72 Hours of Self-Sufficiency (HCPN, October 2026): cooking and combustion appliancesofficial
- infocrise.public.lu: During a power cut (page dated 14/11/2022)official
- Get Prepared (Public Safety Canada): power outages, carbon monoxide and generators
- Ready.gov (FEMA): Power outages (FEMA V-1008, December 2023)
- Germany: Vorsorgen für Krisen und Katastrophen (BBK, 2025)
Chemical attack (last reviewed 25/10/2026)
- My Guide to 72 Hours of Self-Sufficiency (HCPN, October 2026)official
- infocrise.public.lu: CBRN government plan (page dated 8/02/2024)official
- infocrise.public.lu: CBRN, information for the public (page dated 17/06/2020)official
- infocrise.public.lu: Simple actions during a radioactive cloud (covering a baby's face, page dated 17/06/2020)official
- lu-alert.lu: Behavioural advice in an emergencyofficial
- Latvia: What to do in case of a crisis (Ministry of Defence, 2024): chemical accident or attack safety guidelines
- BBK (Germany): Vorsorgen für Krisen und Katastrophen, gas and vapour releases
- Suomi.fi (Finnish Ministry of the Interior): Preparing for incidents and crises, spreading of dangerous substances
- Poland: Safety Handbook (2025): CBRN threats and decontamination
- Ready.gov (FEMA): Hazardous materials incidents, sheltering in place
Chemical leak (last reviewed 25/10/2026)
- My Guide to 72 Hours of Self-Sufficiency (HCPN, October 2026): industrial accidents, seveso.lu and warningsofficial
- lu-alert.lu: Sirens (signals, meanings and test schedule)official
- infocrise.public.lu: CBRN, government plan (page dated 8/02/2024)official
- infocrise.public.lu: CBRN, information for the public (page dated 17/06/2020)official
- lu-alert.lu: CBRNE, behavioural adviceofficial
- BBK (Germany): Vorsorgen für Krisen und Katastrophen (October 2025), gas and vapour releases
- Suomi.fi (Finnish Ministry of the Interior): Preparing for incidents and crises, sheltering indoors and dangerous substances
- Safety Handbook (Polish MON, MSWiA and RCB, 2025): CBRN threats and decontamination
- Tous responsables: face aux risques, agissons (French SGDSN, November 2025): industrial risks and alert reflexes
- Keep this brochure: What to do in case of a crisis (Latvian Ministry of Defence, 2024): chemical accident
- Get Prepared (Public Safety Canada): hazardous material releases
Living in a conflict zone (last reviewed 25/10/2026)
- My Guide to 72 Hours of Self-Sufficiency (HCPN, October 2026)official
- LU-Alert: Behavioural adviceofficial
- infocrise.public.lu: Vigilnat, good reflexes (page dated 11/08/2021)official
- Be Prepared! (Estonian Rescue Board): what to do as a civilian in a conflict zone, mental health
- If war or crisis comes: what should I do? (Lithuanian Ministry of National Defence, 2024): gunfire, explosions, departure bag, psychological support
Crowd crush (last reviewed 25/10/2026)
Cyberattack (last reviewed 28/10/2026)
- My Guide to 72 Hours of Self-Sufficiency (HCPN, October 2026): cyberattacks and what to do if you are a victimofficial
- infocrise.public.lu: Preventative behaviour (cyber), page dated 17/06/2020official
- infocrise.public.lu: Information for the public in a cyber crisisofficial
- Romania: population preparedness guide (DSU with the national cyber directorate, English PDF)
- Estonia: Be prepared (Rescue Board, English PDF)
- Finland: Preparedness guide (suomi.fi)
- Sweden: In case of crisis or war (MCF, English PDF)
Dam failure (last reviewed 25/10/2026)
- My Guide to 72 Hours of Self-Sufficiency (HCPN, October 2026): warnings, flooding and the grab bagofficial
- lu-alert.lu: Sirens (signals, meanings and test schedule)official
- infocrise.public.lu: Rain, behaviour to adopt (page dated 16/05/2025)official
- lu-alert.lu: Environment, behavioural advice (flooding)official
- Tous responsables: face aux risques, agissons (French SGDSN, November 2025): dam warnings, evacuation on official order
- BBK (Germany): Vorsorgen für Krisen und Katastrophen (October 2025), flood
- Ready.gov (FEMA): Floods (page updated 17/10/2024)
- Get Prepared (Public Safety Canada): floods and getting to high ground
- Keep this brochure: What to do in case of a crisis (Latvian Ministry of Defence, 2024): family crisis plan (nearby dams)
Dirty bomb (last reviewed 25/10/2026)
- My Guide to 72 Hours of Self-Sufficiency (HCPN, October 2026): nuclear emergency and warningsofficial
- infocrise.public.lu: Simple actions during a radioactive cloud (page dated 17/06/2020)official
- infocrise.public.lu: Taking shelter (page dated 17/06/2020)official
- infocrise.public.lu: Taking potassium iodide tablets (updated 20/10/2026)official
- infocrise.public.lu: CBRN government plan (page dated 8/02/2024)official
- lu-alert.lu: CBRNE behavioural adviceofficial
- Ready.gov (FEMA): Explosions (updated 17/07/2025)
- Get Prepared (Public Safety Canada): radiological and nuclear emergencies
False information (last reviewed 25/10/2026)
- My Guide to 72 Hours of Self-Sufficiency (HCPN, October 2026): checking information and AI fakesofficial
- Lëtz prepare! National Resilience Strategy: FAQ on disinformationofficial
- Finland: Information influence and hybrid influence activities (suomi.fi preparedness guide)
- Germany: Vorsorgen für Krisen und Katastrophen (BBK, 2025): disinformation
- France: Tous responsables, face aux risques, agissons (SGDSN, November 2025)
Drones (last reviewed 25/10/2026)
- infocrise.public.lu: Vigilnat, good reflexes (page dated 11/08/2021)official
- infocrise.public.lu: News 2026 (Interministerial Drone Assessment Cell)official
- Finland: Threat from the air (suomi.fi preparedness guide)
- Finland: Preparedness checklist (suomi.fi)
- Poland: Safety handbook (RCB, English PDF): suspicious behaviour
Drought (last reviewed 25/10/2026)
- infocrise.public.lu: Drinking water, behaviour to adopt (page dated 24/08/2023)official
- infocrise.public.lu: Drinking water, information for the public (page dated 18/01/2021)official
- lu-alert.lu: Warning and information system (authorities that can send alerts)official
- National Resilience Strategy (HCPN, September 2025)official
- My Guide to 72 Hours of Self-Sufficiency (HCPN, October 2026)official
- infocrise.public.lu: Heat (behaviour by alert level, page dated 22/06/2026)official
- lu-alert.lu: Fire, behavioural advice (forest and vegetation fires)official
- Get Prepared (Public Safety Canada): droughts and pet water
- Ready.gov (FEMA): Drought (page updated 10/03/2025)
Earthquake (last reviewed 25/10/2026)
- My Guide to 72 Hours of Self-Sufficiency (HCPN, October 2026)official
- lu-alert.lu: Geophysical, behavioural advice (advice decided case by case)official
- Ready.gov (FEMA): Earthquakes
- Ready.gov (FEMA): Explosions (if you are trapped)
- Get Prepared (Public Safety Canada): earthquakes, anchoring furniture, wheelchair users and people in bed
- Get Ready (Australia): earthquakes, securing furniture and keeping exits clear
- Romania: population preparedness guide (DSU, English PDF): leaving unstable buildings
Epidemic (last reviewed 25/10/2026)
- infocrise.public.lu: Influenza pandemic, protective actions (page dated 13/08/2021)official
- infocrise.public.lu: Influenza and pandemics (page dated 13/08/2021)official
- infocrise.public.lu: Influenza, general information and risk groups (page dated 13/08/2021)official
- lu-alert.lu: Health, behavioural adviceofficial
- My Guide to 72 Hours of Self-Sufficiency (HCPN, October 2026): first-aid kit and warning channelsofficial
- Tous responsables: face aux risques, agissons (French SGDSN, November 2025): health risks, barrier measures and masks
- Suomi.fi (Finnish Ministry of the Interior): Preparing for incidents and crises, epidemics and pandemics
- Be Prepared! (Estonian Rescue Board): home medicine supply
- Safety Handbook (Poland, 2025): hygiene and vaccinations
- Ready.gov (FEMA): Pandemic (page updated 8/04/2025)
We have to leave home (last reviewed 25/10/2026)
- My Guide to 72 Hours of Self-Sufficiency (HCPN, October 2026)official
- infocrise.public.lu: Evacuation from a nuclear zone (page dated 17/06/2020)official
- infocrise.public.lu: Evacuation and reception centres (page dated 2/03/2023)official
- infocrise.public.lu: Before a power cut (evacuation kit and utility shut-offs, page dated 14/11/2022)official
- infocrise.public.lu: In the event of an evacuation during the winter monthsofficial
- 72 Hours (Czech Ministry of the Interior): evacuation, door note and evacuation bag
- Samen voorbereid (Belgian National Crisis Centre, 2026): evacuation and pets
- Be Prepared! (Estonian Rescue Board): evacuation and the evacuation bag
- Safety Handbook (Poland, 2025): evacuation
- Get Prepared (Public Safety Canada): evacuation orders
Flooding (last reviewed 25/10/2026)
- My Guide to 72 Hours of Self-Sufficiency (HCPN, October 2026)official
- infocrise.public.lu: Rain, behaviour to adopt (page dated 16/05/2025)official
- infocrise.public.lu: In the event of a flood during a power cut (page dated 17/06/2020)official
- infocrise.public.lu: Government crisis management plan in the event of extreme weather and flooding (public version, January 2025)official
- infocrise.public.lu: Drinking water, behaviour to adopt (page dated 24/08/2023)official
- lu-alert.lu: Environment, behavioural advice (flooding)official
- Vorsorgen für Krisen und Katastrophen (German BBK, October 2025)
- Safety Handbook (Polish MON, MSWiA and RCB, 2025)
- Tous responsables: face aux risques, agissons (French SGDSN, November 2025)
- Ready.gov (FEMA): Floods (page updated 17/10/2024)
- Get Prepared (Public Safety Canada): floods, before, during and after
Thick fog (last reviewed 25/10/2026)
Fuel shortage (last reviewed 25/10/2026)
- infocrise.public.lu: Disruption to the supply of oil, emergency measures (page dated 22/08/2023)official
- infocrise.public.lu: Disruption to the supply of oil, information for the public (page dated 22/08/2023)official
- infocrise.public.lu: Oil emergency plan (page dated 8/02/2024)official
- My Guide to 72 Hours of Self-Sufficiency (HCPN, October 2026)official
- What to do in a crisis situation: Be Prepared! (Estonian Rescue Board)
- What should I do if war or crisis comes (Lithuanian Ministry of National Defence, 2024)
- 72 Hours (Czech Ministry of the Interior, 2025)
- Tous responsables: Face aux risques, agissons (SGDSN, November 2025)
- Bereid je voor op een noodsituatie (Denk vooruit, NCTV, November 2025)
- Be prepared for a crisis (Danish Emergency Management Agency, June 2024)
Hailstorm (last reviewed 25/10/2026)
- infocrise.public.lu: Thunderstorm, behaviour to adopt (hail sizes per alert level, page dated 10/08/2023)official
- infocrise.public.lu: Wind, behaviour to adopt (page dated 16/05/2025)official
- My Guide to 72 Hours of Self-Sufficiency (HCPN, October 2026)official
- lu-alert.lu: Weather, behavioural adviceofficial
- Get Prepared (Public Safety Canada): hailstorms
Heat wave (last reviewed 25/10/2026)
- infocrise.public.lu: Heat (behaviour by alert level, page dated 22/06/2026)official
- My Guide to 72 Hours of Self-Sufficiency (HCPN, October 2026)official
- LU-Alert: Weather (behavioural advice, points to the infocrise heat page)official
- Get Prepared (Public Safety Canada): extreme heat
- Get Ready (Australia): heatwaves, heat-stroke signs and first aid
- Ready.gov (FEMA): Extreme heat
No heating (last reviewed 25/10/2026)
- My Guide to 72 Hours of Self-Sufficiency (HCPN, October 2026)official
- infocrise.public.lu: Cold (behaviour by alert level, page dated 16/05/2025)official
- infocrise.public.lu: During a power cut (page dated 14/11/2022)official
- infocrise.public.lu: In the event of an evacuation during the winter months (page dated 11/08/2021)official
- What to do in a crisis situation: Be Prepared! (Estonian Rescue Board)
- Preparing for incidents and crises (Suomi.fi, Finnish Ministry of the Interior)
- Home Preparedness: useful tips for disruptions and emergencies (72 hours, SPEK, January 2025)
- 72 Hours (Czech Ministry of the Interior, 2025)
- In case of crisis or war (Swedish Civil Contingencies Agency, November 2024)
- Vorsorgen für Krisen und Katastrophen (German Federal Office of Civil Protection, BBK, October 2025)
Heightened alert (last reviewed 25/10/2026)
- My Guide to 72 Hours of Self-Sufficiency (HCPN, October 2026)official
- National Resilience Strategy "Lëtz prepare!" (HCPN, September 2025): warning channels, also in an armed conflictofficial
- National Resilience Strategy, Pillar 8 factsheet: protection and defence of national and allied territoryofficial
- lu-alert.lu: Alert levels and categoriesofficial
- infocrise.public.lu: Vigilnat alert levels (page dated 5/03/2026)official
- Sweden: In case of crisis or war (MSB, November 2024): heightened state of alert, talking to children
- Lithuania: What should I do if war or crisis comes (Ministry of National Defence, 2024): martial law, psychological support
- Suomi.fi (Finnish Ministry of the Interior): Preparing for incidents and crises, military conflicts and functional capacity
- Poland: Safety Handbook (2025): information security and talking to children
- Latvia: What to do in case of a crisis (Ministry of Defence, 2024): family crisis plan
- Be Prepared! (Estonian Rescue Board): a week of supplies
Fire at home (last reviewed 25/10/2026)
- My Guide to 72 Hours of Self-Sufficiency (HCPN, October 2026): emergency numbers and the personal emergency planofficial
- lu-alert.lu: Fire, behavioural advice (call the emergency number and give the exact location)official
- BBK (Germany): Vorsorgen für Krisen und Katastrophen (October 2025), fire and people with disabilities
- Safety Handbook (Polish MON, MSWiA and RCB, 2025): fire
- Ready.gov (FEMA): Home fires (page updated 31/07/2024)
- Get Prepared (Public Safety Canada): smoke alarms and the home escape plan
- Suomi.fi (Finnish Ministry of the Interior): Preparing for incidents and crises, building fires
- Keep this brochure: What to do in case of a crisis (Latvian Ministry of Defence, 2024): family crisis plan
Household chemicals (last reviewed 25/10/2026)
- Luxembourg Health Portal: Other emergency numbersofficial
- My Guide to 72 Hours of Self-Sufficiency (HCPN, October 2026): emergency numbers, first-aid courses and "Need to talk?"official
- Ready.gov (FEMA): Household chemical emergencies (ventilate, leave the room, call poison control)
- Get Prepared (Public Safety Canada): hazardous materials and poison centres
- Suomi.fi (Finnish Ministry of the Interior): Preparing for incidents and crises, first aid and the poison information centre
- BBK (Germany): Vorsorgen für Krisen und Katastrophen (October 2025), hazardous substances inside a building
- Safety Handbook (Polish MON, MSWiA and RCB, 2025): removing contaminated clothing
Landslide (last reviewed 25/10/2026)
- infocrise.public.lu: Rain, behaviour to adopt (page dated 16/05/2025)official
- lu-alert.lu: Geophysical, behavioural adviceofficial
- My Guide to 72 Hours of Self-Sufficiency (HCPN, October 2026)official
- Get Prepared (Public Safety Canada): landslides
- Ready.gov (FEMA): Landslides and debris flow (page updated 13/02/2025)
- In case of crisis or war (Swedish MSB/MCF leaflet): landslides and erosion
- Tous responsables: face aux risques, agissons (French SGDSN, November 2025)
Looting or unrest (last reviewed 25/10/2026)
- My Guide to 72 Hours of Self-Sufficiency (HCPN, October 2026): what the authorities will do, documents, neighbours and "Need to talk?"official
- Get Prepared (Public Safety Canada): evacuation and document copies
- Latvia: What to do in case of a crisis (Ministry of Defence, 2024 edition): leaving the home
- Romania: Guide for Crisis Situations (Government of Romania, English PDF): impostors and scams
- Poland: Safety Handbook (MON, MSWiA and RCB, English PDF): crowds
- Ready.gov (FEMA): Financial preparedness (documents and home inventory)
Mobilisation or requisition (last reviewed 25/10/2026)
- My Guide to 72 Hours of Self-Sufficiency (HCPN, October 2026)official
- National Resilience Strategy "Lëtz prepare!" (HCPN, September 2025)official
- National Resilience Strategy, Pillar 7 factsheet: civil defenceofficial
- lu-alert.lu: Warning and information system (official messages never ask for personal data)official
- Poland: Safety Handbook (2025): mobilisation cards, requisition of property, documents
- Lithuania: What should I do if war or crisis comes (Ministry of National Defence, 2024): mobilisation instructions by group
- Sweden: In case of crisis or war (MSB, November 2024): total defence duty and work under heightened alert
- Suomi.fi (Finnish Ministry of the Interior): Preparing for incidents and crises, military conflicts and civil defence
- Latvia: What to do in case of a crisis (Ministry of Defence, 2024): documents and family crisis plan
- Ready.gov (FEMA): Financial preparedness, photo and video inventory of the home
No water, or water unsafe (last reviewed 25/10/2026)
- My Guide to 72 Hours of Self-Sufficiency (HCPN, October 2026)official
- infocrise.public.lu: Drinking water, behaviour to adopt (page dated 24/08/2023)official
- infocrise.public.lu: Drinking water safety during a power cut (page dated 24/08/2023)official
- infocrise.public.lu: Emergency kit (PDF, undated)official
- 72 Hours: How to Prepare for Crisis Situations and Overcome Them Together (Czech Ministry of the Interior, 2025)
- What to do in a crisis situation: Be Prepared! (Estonian Rescue Board)
- Preparing for incidents and crises (Suomi.fi, Finnish Ministry of the Interior)
- Home Preparedness: useful tips for disruptions and emergencies (72 hours, SPEK, January 2025)
- In case of crisis or war (Swedish Civil Contingencies Agency, November 2024)
- Get Prepared (Public Safety Canada): emergency water and food safety
- Scientific Opinion on Dietary Reference Values for water (EFSA, 2010)
- Dietary Reference Intakes for Water, Potassium, Sodium, Chloride, and Sulfate, chapter 4 (US Institute of Medicine, 2005)
- Domestic water quantity, service level and health, second edition (WHO, 2020)
- The Sphere Handbook 2018, water supply standard 2.1 (Sphere Association)
- Variation in human water turnover associated with environmental and lifestyle factors (Yamada et al., Science, 2022)
- "Drink at least eight glasses of water a day." Really? Is there scientific evidence for "8 × 8"? (Valtin, American Journal of Physiology, 2002)
Nuclear alert (last reviewed 25/10/2026)
- My Guide to 72 Hours of Self-Sufficiency (HCPN, October 2026)official
- infocrise.public.lu: Taking potassium iodide tablets (updated 20/10/2026)official
- infocrise.public.lu: Information and communication in a nuclear emergency (FAQ, updated 21/10/2026)official
- infocrise.public.lu: Warning the population (siren signals, updated 22/10/2026)official
- infocrise.public.lu: Taking shelter (page dated 17/06/2020)official
- infocrise.public.lu: Simple actions during a radioactive cloud (page dated 17/06/2020)official
- infocrise.public.lu: Protecting food supplies (page dated 17/06/2020)official
- infocrise.public.lu: Evacuation from a nuclear zone (page dated 17/06/2020)official
- lu-alert.lu: Sirens (signals, meanings and test schedule)official
- infocrise.public.lu: What to do in the event of a nuclear alert? (brochure, 2014 edition; its siren signals are superseded)official
- BBK (Germany): Vorsorgen für Krisen und Katastrophen, shelter by hazard
- Suomi.fi (Finnish Ministry of the Interior): Preparing for incidents and crises, radiation hazards
- Get Prepared (Public Safety Canada): radiological and nuclear emergencies
Nuclear weapon (last reviewed 25/10/2026)
- My Guide to 72 Hours of Self-Sufficiency (HCPN, October 2026)official
- lu-alert.lu: Sirens (signals, meanings and test schedule)official
- infocrise.public.lu: Taking potassium iodide tablets (updated 20/10/2026)official
- infocrise.public.lu: Information and communication in a nuclear emergency (FAQ, updated 21/10/2026)official
- infocrise.public.lu: Taking shelter (page dated 17/06/2020)official
- infocrise.public.lu: Simple actions during a radioactive cloud (page dated 17/06/2020)official
- Ready.gov (FEMA): Nuclear explosion (Be Prepared for a Nuclear Explosion, FEMA P-2149) and CDC radiation emergencies: get inside, stay inside, stay tuned
- Latvia: What to do in case of a crisis (Ministry of Defence, 2024): nuclear attack safety guidelines
- Sweden: In case of crisis or war (MSB, November 2024): nuclear weapons
- Poland: Safety Handbook (2025): CBRN threats and decontamination
Occupation (last reviewed 25/10/2026)
- My Guide to 72 Hours of Self-Sufficiency (HCPN, October 2026)official
- infocrise.public.lu (HCPN crisis information portal)official
- LU-Alert: Behavioural adviceofficial
- If war or crisis comes: what should I do? (Lithuanian Ministry of National Defence, 2024): occupied territory, evacuation, psychological support
- What to do in case of a crisis (Latvian Ministry of Defence, 2024): occupied territory, information sources
- Be Prepared! (Estonian Rescue Board): civilian in a conflict zone, mental health
Cards and cash machines down (last reviewed 25/10/2026)
- My Guide to 72 Hours of Self-Sufficiency (HCPN, October 2026)official
- My 72-hour checklist (HCPN, October 2026)official
- LU-Alert: Warning and information system (authorities never ask for personal data)official
- Preparing for incidents and crises (Suomi.fi, Finnish Ministry of the Interior)
- Be prepared for a crisis (Danish Emergency Management Agency, June 2024)
- Bereid je voor op een noodsituatie (Denk vooruit, NCTV, November 2025)
- Keep this brochure: What to do in case of a crisis (Latvian Ministry of Defence, 2024)
- In case of crisis or war (Swedish Civil Contingencies Agency, November 2024)
- Romanian population preparedness guide (English edition)
Power is out (last reviewed 25/10/2026)
- My Guide to 72 Hours of Self-Sufficiency (HCPN, October 2026)official
- infocrise.public.lu: During a power cut (page dated 14/11/2022)official
- infocrise.public.lu: After a power cutofficial
- infocrise.public.lu: Food safety during a power cutofficial
- Get Prepared (Public Safety Canada): power outages, generators and reconnection
- Ready.gov (FEMA): Power outages
Sabotage or a damaged installation (last reviewed 28/10/2026)
- infocrise.public.lu: Vigilnat, good reflexes (page dated 11/08/2021)official
- infocrise.public.lu: Drinking water, behaviour to adopt (page dated 24/08/2023)official
- My Guide to 72 Hours of Self-Sufficiency (HCPN, October 2026): power outage scenarioofficial
- Poland: Safety handbook (RCB, English PDF): suspicious behaviour and sabotage
- Latvia: What to do in case of a crisis (Ministry of Defence, 2024): reporting saboteurs and suspicious markings
Scam (last reviewed 28/10/2026)
- My Guide to 72 Hours of Self-Sufficiency (HCPN, October 2026): cyberattacks and what to do if you are a victimofficial
- infocrise.public.lu: Preventative behaviour (cyber), page dated 17/06/2020official
- Romania: population preparedness guide (DSU with the national cyber directorate, English PDF)
- Poland: Safety handbook (RCB, English PDF)
Siren is sounding (last reviewed 25/10/2026)
- My Guide to 72 Hours of Self-Sufficiency (HCPN, October 2026)official
- lu-alert.lu: Sirens (signals, meanings and test schedule)official
- lu-alert.lu: Behavioural advice in an emergencyofficial
- infocrise.public.lu: Information and communication in a nuclear emergency (FAQ, updated 21/10/2026)official
- infocrise.public.lu: Warning the population (siren signals, updated 22/10/2026)official
- Suomi.fi (Finnish Ministry of the Interior): Preparing for incidents and crises, sheltering indoors
- BBK (Germany): Vorsorgen für Krisen und Katastrophen, shelter by hazard
- 72 Hours (Czech Ministry of the Interior): sheltering in a solid building
Snow, ice and extreme cold (last reviewed 25/10/2026)
- infocrise.public.lu: Snow or freezing rain, behaviour to adopt (page dated 16/05/2025)official
- infocrise.public.lu: Cold, behaviour to adopt (page dated 16/05/2025)official
- infocrise.public.lu: In the event of an evacuation during the winter months (page dated 11/08/2021)official
- infocrise.public.lu: Government crisis management plan in the event of extreme weather and flooding (public version, January 2025)official
- My Guide to 72 Hours of Self-Sufficiency (HCPN, October 2026)official
- Get Prepared (Public Safety Canada): extreme cold, winter storms and the car kit
- Be prepared (Estonian Rescue Board): heating failure and frozen pipes
- 72 hours (Latvian Ministry of Defence, 2024): winter car kit
- Ready.gov (FEMA): Avalanche (hypothermia threshold)
Solar storm (last reviewed 25/10/2026)
- My Guide to 72 Hours of Self-Sufficiency (HCPN, October 2026): the domino effect of a major power outage, and warning channelsofficial
- infocrise.public.lu: During a power cut (page dated 14/11/2022)official
- Ready.gov (FEMA): Space weather (FEMA fact sheet)
- Get Prepared (Public Safety Canada): space weather
Storm (last reviewed 25/10/2026)
- My Guide to 72 Hours of Self-Sufficiency (HCPN, October 2026)official
- infocrise.public.lu: Wind, behaviour to adopt (page dated 16/05/2025)official
- infocrise.public.lu: Thunderstorm, behaviour to adopt (page dated 10/08/2023)official
- infocrise.public.lu: Government crisis management plan in the event of extreme weather and flooding (public version, January 2025)official
- Tous responsables: face aux risques, agissons (French SGDSN, November 2025)
- Samen voorbereid (Belgian National Crisis Centre, October 2026)
- 72 Hours: How to Prepare for Crisis Situations and Overcome Them Together (Czech Ministry of the Interior, 2025)
- Get Prepared (Public Safety Canada): thunderstorms, hailstorms and power outages
Stuck away from home (last reviewed 25/10/2026)
- My Guide to 72 Hours of Self-Sufficiency (HCPN, October 2026)official
- My 72-hour checklist (HCPN, October 2026)official
- infocrise.public.lu: Snow or freezing rain (page dated 16/05/2025)official
- infocrise.public.lu: Cold (behaviour by alert level, page dated 16/05/2025)official
- Keep this brochure: What to do in case of a crisis (Latvian Ministry of Defence, 2024)
- Be prepared for a crisis (Danish Emergency Management Agency, June 2024)
- Samen voorbereid (Belgian National Crisis Centre, 2026)
- Get Prepared (Public Safety Canada): winter storms and car kit
- American Red Cross: Winter storm (stranded in a car)
Suspicious behaviour (last reviewed 28/10/2026)
- infocrise.public.lu: Vigilnat, good reflexes (page dated 11/08/2021)official
- infocrise.public.lu: Vigilnat alert levels (page dated 5/03/2026)official
- My Guide to 72 Hours of Self-Sufficiency (HCPN, October 2026): terrorist threatofficial
- Poland: Safety handbook (RCB, English PDF): suspicious behaviour
Suspicious package (last reviewed 25/10/2026)
- infocrise.public.lu: Vigilnat, good reflexes (page dated 11/08/2021)official
- infocrise.public.lu: Vigilnat, behaviour to adopt (page dated 17/06/2020)official
- My Guide to 72 Hours of Self-Sufficiency (HCPN, October 2026): terrorist threat and useful numbersofficial
- Get Prepared (Public Safety Canada): suspicious packages
Phone and internet down (last reviewed 25/10/2026)
- My Guide to 72 Hours of Self-Sufficiency (HCPN, October 2026)official
- My 72-hour checklist (HCPN, October 2026)official
- LU-Alert: Warning and information systemofficial
- LU-Alert: Cell Broadcastofficial
- What to do in a crisis situation: Be Prepared! (Estonian Rescue Board)
- Preparing for incidents and crises (Suomi.fi, Finnish Ministry of the Interior)
- Bereid je voor op een noodsituatie (Denk vooruit, NCTV, November 2025)
- Samen voorbereid (Belgian National Crisis Centre, 2026)
- Tous responsables: Face aux risques, agissons (SGDSN, November 2025)
Tornado (last reviewed 25/10/2026)
- infocrise.public.lu: Government crisis management plan in the event of extreme weather and flooding (public version, January 2025)official
- lu-alert.lu: Alert levels and categoriesofficial
- My Guide to 72 Hours of Self-Sufficiency (HCPN, October 2026)official
- Get Prepared (Public Safety Canada): tornadoes
- 72 Hours: How to Prepare for Crisis Situations and Overcome Them Together (Czech Ministry of the Interior, 2025)
Armed forces in town (last reviewed 25/10/2026)
- My Guide to 72 Hours of Self-Sufficiency (HCPN, October 2026)official
- LU-Alert: Behavioural adviceofficial
- Lëtz prepare! Pillar 8 factsheet: protection and defence of national and allied territoryofficial
- If war or crisis comes: what should I do? (Lithuanian Ministry of National Defence, 2024): enemy troops in your town
- Be Prepared! (Estonian Rescue Board): civilian in a conflict zone, mental health
- What to do in case of a crisis (Latvian Ministry of Defence, 2024): knowing the uniforms
Unexploded ordnance (last reviewed 25/10/2026)
- My Guide to 72 Hours of Self-Sufficiency (HCPN, October 2026): emergency numbersofficial
- infocrise.public.lu: Vigilnat, good reflexes (page dated 11/08/2021)official
- LU-Alert: Behavioural adviceofficial
- Be Prepared! (Estonian Rescue Board): what to do as a civilian in a conflict zone, mines and booby traps
- Suomi.fi: Preparing for incidents and crises (Finnish Ministry of the Interior): military conflicts
- If war or crisis comes: what should I do? (Lithuanian Ministry of National Defence, 2024): after an explosion
Wildfire and smoke (last reviewed 25/10/2026)
- lu-alert.lu: Fire, behavioural advice (forest and vegetation fires)official
- My Guide to 72 Hours of Self-Sufficiency (HCPN, October 2026)official
- Tous responsables: face aux risques, agissons (French SGDSN, November 2025)
- Get Prepared (Public Safety Canada): wildfires and wildfire smoke
- Get Ready (Australia): bushfires, warning levels and leaving early
- In case of crisis or war (Swedish MSB/MCF leaflet): fire bans
Alerts and sirens (last reviewed 25/10/2026)
Coping with a crisis (last reviewed 25/10/2026)
- My Guide to 72 Hours of Self-Sufficiency (HCPN, October 2026), 'Need to talk?'official
- Hobfoll et al., Five essential elements of immediate and mid-term mass trauma intervention, Psychiatry 2007
- WHO, War Trauma Foundation, World Vision: Psychological First Aid, Guide for Field Workers, 2011
- WHO: Doing What Matters in Times of Stress, 2020
Blackout definitions
| Publisher | Title | Type | Language | Published |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Ministère d'État / HCPN | My Guide to 72 Hours of Self-Sufficiency | Guide | en | 10/2026 |
| HCPN / infocrise.lu | Before a power cut | Agency | en | 14/11/2022 |
| European Union | Commission Regulation (EU) 2017/1485 (System Operation Guideline), Art. 3(2)(22) and Art. 18(4) | Law | en | 2/08/2017 |
| ENTSO-E | 28/04/2025 Iberian Blackout | Report | en | 20/03/2026 |
| Bundesamt für Bevölkerungsschutz und Katastrophenhilfe (BBK) | Nationale Reserve Blackout | Agency | de | — |
| CORRECTIV (quoting the Bundesnetzagentur and a BBK expert) | Blackout: wie ein Katastrophenszenario eines großflächigen Stromausfalls für Panikmache und Profit instrumentalisiert wird | Media | de | 19/08/2022 |
| Land Tirol | Was ist ein Blackout? | Regional government | de | — |
| Bundesamt für Bevölkerungsschutz (BABS) | Gefährdungsdossier Stromausfall (Katastrophen und Notlagen Schweiz 2025) | Agency | de | 11/2025 |
| Ministry of National Defence of Lithuania | What should I do if war or crisis comes | Guide | en | 2024 |
| PJM Interconnection (US grid operator) | Load Shed fact sheet | Report | en | 29/01/2025 |
| California Public Utilities Commission | Frequently Asked Questions: The CPUC Rotating Outage Program | Agency | en | 11/05/2001 |
| Body of Knowledge on Infrastructure Regulation (University of Florida PURC) | Glossary: Brownout | Guide | en | — |
| Government of the Netherlands (Denk vooruit) | Informatieboekje: Bereid je voor op een noodsituatie | Guide | nl | 17/11/2025 |